网络请求是IOS开发中必须具备的一种技能，在IOS开发中实现网络请求的四种方式，NSData,NSURLConnection,NSURLSession以及AFNetworking开源框架,此篇文章主要介绍相关类的用法。
一、使用NSData实现get请求
// 使用 NSData 请求网络数据
+(void)initWithData{
// 异步全局队列
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0), ^{
// 使用NSData实现get请求
NSData * data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlpath]];
// 解析数据
id json = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@",json);
});
}
二、使用NSURLConnection类实现同步和异步请求
// 使用 NSURLConnection 请求数据
+(void)initWithURLConnection{
NSURLRequest * request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlpath]];
// 同步请求
NSURLResponse * response = nil;
NSData * data = [NSURLConnection sendSynchronousRequest:request returningResponse:&response error:nil];
id jsonData = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@",jsonData);
// 异步请求
[NSURLConnection sendAsynchronousRequest:request queue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSData * _Nullable data, NSError * _Nullable connectionError) {
NSLog(@"%lu",(unsigned long)data.length);
id json = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@",json);
}];
}
NSURLConnection类在IOS9.0时就被NSURLSession替代，而且NSURLSession类功能更强大。
三、NSURLSession实现网络请求
1、实现网络数据的请求，配置请求参照在NSURLRequest类中使用。
// 使用 NSURLSession 请求网络数据
+(void)initWithURLSession{
NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:urlpath];
NSURLRequest * request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:url];
NSURLSession * session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
// 方法一
NSURLSessionDataTask * dataTask = [session dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSData * _Nullable data, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
id json = [NSJSONSerialization JSONObjectWithData:data options:NSJSONReadingMutableLeaves error:nil];
NSLog(@"%@",json);
}];
// 任务默认挂起,调用resume方法启动
[dataTask resume];
}
2、实现网络文件的下载
// 下载数据
+(void)initWithDownloadTaskTest{
// 设置下载路径
NSURLRequest * request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:songPath]];
NSURLSession * session = [NSURLSession sharedSession];
// 开始下载
NSURLSessionDownloadTask * downloadTask = [session downloadTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSURL * _Nullable location, NSURLResponse * _Nullable response, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// 设置本地下载路径
NSString * filePath = [NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory
, NSUserDomainMask, YES)lastObject];
filePath = [filePath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"/世间美好与你环环相扣.mp3"];
// 将下载完成的数据写入到指定位置
BOOL b =[[NSFileManager defaultManager]copyItemAtPath:location.path toPath:filePath error:nil];
if (b) {
NSLog(@"success");
}else{
NSLog(@"failure");
}
} ];
[downloadTask resume];
}
下载过程中展示进度
@interface ViewController ()
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSURLSession * session;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSURLSessionDownloadTask * task;
@property(nonatomic,strong)NSData * resumeData;
@property(nonatomic,strong)UISlider * slider;
@end
@implementation ViewController
-(NSURLSession *)session{
if (!_session) {
// 初始化 URLSession的行为和策略的配置对象
NSURLSessionConfiguration * config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
_session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:config delegate:self delegateQueue:[NSOperationQueue mainQueue]];
}
return _session;
}
// 开始下载
-(void)startDownload{
NSURL * url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://www.fzydk.com/duoxingyun.mp3"];
self.task = [self.session downloadTaskWithURL:url];
[self.task resume];
}
// 暂停
-(void)pauseDownload{
__weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
[self.task cancelByProducingResumeData:^(NSData * _Nullable resumeData) {
weakSelf.resumeData = resumeData;
weakSelf.task = nil;
}];
}
// 恢复下载
-(void)resumeDownload{
self.task = [self.session downloadTaskWithResumeData:self.resumeData];
[self.task resume];
self.resumeData = nil;
}
// 下载发送错误,调用
-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session didBecomeInvalidWithError:(NSError *)error{
NSLog(@"%@",error);
}
// 下载进度
-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didWriteData:(int64_t)bytesWritten totalBytesWritten:(int64_t)totalBytesWritten totalBytesExpectedToWrite:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToWrite{
//获取下载进度
double pregress = (double)totalBytesWritten / totalBytesExpectedToWrite;
[_slider setValue:pregress];
NSLog(@"%f",pregress);
}
// 恢复下载
-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didResumeAtOffset:(int64_t)fileOffset expectedTotalBytes:(int64_t)expectedTotalBytes{
}
// 下载完成之后调用
-(void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL *)location{
// 将下载完成的数据缓存到本地
}
- (void)viewDidLoad {
[super viewDidLoad];
self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor lightGrayColor];
UIButton * startBtn = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 50, 100, 40)];
[startBtn setTitle:@"开始下载" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[startBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(startDownload) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:startBtn];
UIButton * pauseBtn = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 40)];
[pauseBtn setTitle:@"暂停下载" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[pauseBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(pauseDownload) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:pauseBtn];
UIButton * resumeBtn = [[UIButton alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 200, 100, 40)];
[resumeBtn setTitle:@"恢复下载" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
[resumeBtn addTarget:self action:@selector(resumeDownload) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside];
[self.view addSubview:resumeBtn];
// 进度条
_slider = [[UISlider alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10, 300, self.view.frame.size.width-20, 40)];
_slider.value = 0;
_slider.minimumValue = 0;
_slider.maximumValue = 1;
[self.view addSubview:_slider];
}
@end
3、NSURLSession实现文件上传
四、使用AFNetworking实现网络请求
1、GET和POST请求
-(void)getRequest{
// 方法一
// 发送Get请求
NSURLSessionConfiguration * config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
_URLSessionManager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:config];
NSMutableURLRequest * request = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:urlpath]];
[request setHTTPMethod:@"GET"];
NSURLSessionDataTask * dataTask = [_URLSessionManager dataTaskWithRequest:request uploadProgress:nil downloadProgress:nil completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, id _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"%@",responseObject);
}];
[dataTask resume];
// 方法二
_HttpSessionManager = [[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:config];
_HttpSessionManager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
[_HttpSessionManager GET:urlpath parameters:nil progress:nil success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
// 输出结果
NSLog(@"%@",responseObject);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"%@",error);
}];
// 发送POST请求
[_HttpSessionManager POST:urlpath parameters:nil progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
NSLog(@"%@",uploadProgress.userInfo);
} success:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nonnull task, id _Nullable responseObject) {
NSLog(@"%@",responseObject);
} failure:^(NSURLSessionDataTask * _Nullable task, NSError * _Nonnull error) {
NSLog(@"%@",error);
}];
}
2、下载数据
-(void)downloadRequest{
NSURLSessionConfiguration * config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
_HttpSessionManager = [[AFHTTPSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:config];
NSURLRequest * request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:songPath]];
NSURLSessionDownloadTask * task = [_HttpSessionManager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull downloadProgress) {
// 获取下载进度
double d1 = (double)downloadProgress.completedUnitCount;
double d2 = (double)downloadProgress.totalUnitCount;
NSLog(@"%.2f%%",d1/d2*100);
} destination:^NSURL * _Nonnull(NSURL * _Nonnull targetPath, NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response) {
// 返回资源本地存储的地址
NSURL *documentsDirectoryURL = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil];
return [documentsDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]];
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, NSURL * _Nullable filePath, NSError * _Nullable error) {
NSLog(@"%@",filePath);
}];
[task resume];
}
3、文件上传
-(void)uploadRequest{
_HttpSessionManager = [AFHTTPSessionManager manager];
// 方法一
NSURLRequest * request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@""]];
NSURLSessionUploadTask * task = [_HttpSessionManager uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:request progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
// 获取上传的进度
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, id _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// 上传完成或上传失败之后回调
}];
[task resume];
// 方法二: NSdata 数据上传
[_HttpSessionManager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromData:(nullable NSData *) progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
// 上传进度
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, id _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// 上传回调
}];
// 方法三:本地文件上传
[_HttpSessionManager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:(nonnull NSURL *) progress:^(NSProgress * _Nonnull uploadProgress) {
// 上传进度
} completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse * _Nonnull response, id _Nullable responseObject, NSError * _Nullable error) {
// 上传回调
}]
}
